General Interface for Additive TidyModels — additive (2024)

Source: R/additive.R

additive.Rd

Usage

additive( mode = "regression", engine = "mgcv", fitfunc = NULL, formula.override = NULL, family = NULL, method = NULL, optimizer = NULL, control = NULL, scale = NULL, gamma = NULL, knots = NULL, sp = NULL, min.sp = NULL, paraPen = NULL, chunk.size = NULL, rho = NULL, AR.start = NULL, H = NULL, G = NULL, offset = NULL, subset = NULL, start = NULL, etastart = NULL, mustart = NULL, drop.intercept = NULL, drop.unused.levels = NULL, cluster = NULL, nthreads = NULL, gc.level = NULL, use.chol = NULL, samfrac = NULL, coef = NULL, discrete = NULL, select = NULL, fit = NULL)# S3 method for class 'additive'update( object, parameters = NULL, fitfunc = NULL, formula.override = NULL, family = NULL, method = NULL, optimizer = NULL, control = NULL, scale = NULL, gamma = NULL, knots = NULL, sp = NULL, min.sp = NULL, paraPen = NULL, chunk.size = NULL, rho = NULL, AR.start = NULL, H = NULL, G = NULL, offset = NULL, subset = NULL, start = NULL, etastart = NULL, mustart = NULL, drop.intercept = NULL, drop.unused.levels = NULL, cluster = NULL, nthreads = NULL, gc.level = NULL, use.chol = NULL, samfrac = NULL, coef = NULL, discrete = NULL, select = NULL, fit = NULL, fresh = FALSE, ...)additive_fit(formula, data, ...)

Arguments

mode

A single character string for the prediction outcome mode.Possible values for this model are "unknown", "regression", or"classification".

engine

A single character string specifying what computationalengine to use for fitting. Possible engines are listed below.The default for this model is "mgcv".

fitfunc

A named character vector that describes how to calla function for fitting a generalized additive model. This defaultsto c(pkg = "mgcv", fun = "gam") (gam).fitfunc should have elements pkg and fun.The former is optional but is recommended and the latter isrequired. For example, c(pkg = "mgcv", fun = "bam") wouldbe used to invoke bam for big data.A user-specified function is also accepted provided that it isfully compatible with gam.

formula.override

Overrides the formula; for details seeformula.gam.

family

This is a family object specifying the distribution and link to use infitting etc (see glm and family). Seefamily.mgcv for a full list of what is available, which goes well beyond exponential family.Note that quasi families actually result in the use of extended quasi-likelihoodif method is set to a RE/ML method (McCullagh and Nelder, 1989, 9.6).

method

The smoothing parameter estimation method. "GCV.Cp" to use GCV for unknown scale parameter andMallows' Cp/UBRE/AIC for known scale. "GACV.Cp" is equivalent, but using GACV in place of GCV. "NCV"for neighbourhood cross-validation using the neighbourhood structure speficied by nei ("QNCV" for numerically more ribust version). "REML"for REML estimation, including of unknown scale, "P-REML" for REML estimation, but using a Pearson estimateof the scale. "ML" and "P-ML" are similar, but using maximum likelihood in place of REML. Beyond theexponential family "REML" is the default, and the only other options are "ML", "NCV" or "QNCV".

optimizer

An array specifying the numerical optimization method to use to optimize the smoothingparameter estimation criterion (given by method). "outer"for the direct nested optimization approach. "outer" can use several alternative optimizers, specified in thesecond element of optimizer: "newton" (default), "bfgs", "optim" or "nlm". "efs"for the extended Fellner Schall method of Wood and Fasiolo (2017).

control

A list of fit control parameters to replace defaults returned bygam.control. Values not set assume default values.

scale

If this is positive then it is taken as the known scale parameter. Negative signals that thescale parameter is unknown. 0 signals that the scale parameter is 1 for Poisson and binomial and unknown otherwise.Note that (RE)ML methods can only work with scale parameter 1 for the Poisson and binomial cases.

See Also

Generalized Additive ModelsApplication Using R | Generalized Additive ModelsIntroduction to Generalized Additive Models(GAM) with RstudioGeneralized Additive Models Using R - GeeksforGeeks

gamma

Increase this beyond 1 to produce smoother models. gamma multiplies the effective degrees of freedom in the GCV or UBRE/AIC. n/gamma can be viewed as an effective sample size in the GCV score, and this also enables it to be used with REML/ML. Ignored with P-RE/ML or the efs optimizer.

knots

this is an optional list containing user specified knot values to be used for basis construction.For most bases the user simply supplies the knots to be used, which must match up with the k valuesupplied (note that the number of knots is not always just k).See tprs for what happens in the "tp"/"ts" case.Different terms can use different numbers of knots, unless they share a covariate.

sp

A vector of smoothing parameters can be provided here. Smoothing parameters must be supplied in the order that the smooth terms appear in the modelformula. Negative elements indicate that the parameter should be estimated, and hence a mixtureof fixed and estimated parameters is possible. If smooths share smoothing parameters then length(sp)must correspond to the number of underlying smoothing parameters.

min.sp

Lower bounds can be supplied for the smoothing parameters. Notethat if this option is used then the smoothing parameters full.sp, in thereturned object, will need to be added to what is supplied here to get the smoothing parameters actually multiplying the penalties. length(min.sp) shouldalways be the same as the total number of penalties (so it may be longer than sp,if smooths share smoothing parameters).

paraPen

optional list specifying any penalties to be applied to parametric model terms.gam.models explains more.

chunk.size

The model matrix is created in chunks of this size, rather than ever being formed whole.Reset to 4*p if chunk.size < 4*p where p is the number of coefficients.

rho

An AR1 error model can be used for the residuals (based on dataframe order), of Gaussian-identity link models. This is the AR1 correlation parameter. Standardized residuals (approximately uncorrelated under correct model) returned in std.rsd if non zero. Also usable with other models when discrete=TRUE, in which case the AR model is applied to the working residuals and corresponds to a GEE approximation.

AR.start

logical variable of same length as data, TRUE at first observation of an independentsection of AR1 correlation. Very first observation in data frame does not need this. If NULL thenthere are no breaks in AR1 correlaion.

H

A user supplied fixed quadratic penalty on the parameters of theGAM can be supplied, with this as its coefficient matrix. A common use of this term isto add a ridge penalty to the parameters of the GAM in circ*mstances in which the modelis close to un-identifiable on the scale of the linear predictor, but perfectly welldefined on the response scale.

G

Usually NULL, but may contain the object returned by a previous call to gam withfit=FALSE, in which case all other arguments are ignored except forsp, gamma, in.out, scale, control, method optimizer and fit.

offset

Can be used to supply a model offset for use in fitting. Notethat this offset will always be completely ignored when predicting, unlike an offsetincluded in formula (this used to conform to the behaviour oflm and glm).

subset

an optional vector specifying a subset of observations to be used in the fitting process.

start

Initial values for the model coefficients.

etastart

Initial values for the linear predictor.

mustart

Initial values for the expected response.

drop.intercept

Set to TRUE to force the model to really not have a constant in the parametric model part,even with factor variables present. Can be vector when formula is a list.

See Also

Generalized Additive Models: an Introduction with R by S. N. Wood

drop.unused.levels

by default unused levels are dropped from factors before fitting. For some smoothsinvolving factor variables you might want to turn this off. Only do so if you know what you are doing.

cluster

bam can compute the computationally dominant QR decomposition in parallel using parLapplyfrom the parallel package, if it is supplied with a cluster on which to do this (a cluster here can be some cores of asingle machine). See details and example code.

nthreads

Number of threads to use for non-cluster computation (e.g. combining results from cluster nodes).If NA set to max(1,length(cluster)). See details.

gc.level

to keep the memory footprint down, it can help to call the garbage collector often, but this takesa substatial amount of time. Setting this to zero means that garbage collection only happens when R decides it should. Setting to 2 gives frequent garbage collection. 1 is in between. Not as much of a problem as it used to be, but can really matter for very large datasets.

use.chol

By default bam uses a very stable QR update approach to obtaining the QR decompositionof the model matrix. For well conditioned models an alternative accumulates the crossproduct of the model matrixand then finds its Choleski decomposition, at the end. This is somewhat more efficient, computationally.

samfrac

For very large sample size Generalized additive models the number of iterations needed for the model fit canbe reduced by first fitting a model to a random sample of the data, and using the results to supply starting values. This initial fit is run with sloppy convergence tolerances, so is typically very low cost. samfrac is the sampling fraction to use. 0.1 is often reasonable.

coef

initial values for model coefficients

discrete

experimental option for setting up models for use with discrete methods employed in bam. Do not modify.

select

If this is TRUE then gam can add an extra penalty to each term sothat it can be penalized to zero. This means that the smoothing parameter estimation that ispart of fitting can completely remove terms from the model. If the correspondingsmoothing parameter is estimated as zero then the extra penalty has no effect. Use gamma to increase level of penalization.

fit

If this argument is TRUE then gam sets up the model and fits it, but if it isFALSE then the model is set up and an object G containing whatwould be required to fit is returned is returned. See argument G.

object

A Generalized Additive Model (GAM) specification.

parameters

A 1-row tibble or named list with mainparameters to update. If the individual arguments are used,these will supersede the values in parameters. Also, usingengine arguments in this object will result in an error.

fresh

A logical for whether the arguments should bemodified in-place of or replaced wholesale.

...

Other arguments passed to internal functions.

formula

A GAM formula, or a list of formulae (see formula.gam and also gam.models).These are exactly like the formula for a GLM except that smooth terms, s, te, tiand t2, can be added to the right hand side to specify that the linear predictor depends on smooth functions of predictors (or linear functionals of these).

data

A data frame or list containing the model response variable andcovariates required by the formula. By default the variables are takenfrom environment(formula): typically the environment fromwhich gam is called.

Value

An updated model specification.

Details

The arguments are converted to their specific names at thetime that the model is fit. Other options and argument can beset using set_engine(). If left to their defaultshere (NULL), the values are taken from the underlying modelfunctions. If parameters need to be modified, update() can beused in lieu of recreating the object from scratch.

The data given to the function are not saved and are only usedto determine the mode of the model. For additive(), thepossible modes are "regression" and "classification".

The model can be created by the fit() function using thefollowing engines:

• mgcv: "mgcv"

Engine Details

Engines may have pre-set default arguments when executing the model fitcall. For this type of model, the template of the fit calls are:

additive() |> set_engine("mgcv") |> translate()

## Generalized Additive Model (GAM) Specification (regression)#### Computational engine: mgcv#### Model fit template:## additive::additive_fit(formula = missing_arg(), data = missing_arg(),## weights = missing_arg())

See also

Examples

additive()#> Generalized Additive Model (GAM) Specification (regression)#> #> Computational engine: mgcv #> show_model_info("additive")#> Information for `additive`#> modes: unknown, classification, regression #> #> engines: #> classification: mgcv¹#> regression: mgcv¹#> #> ¹The model can use case weights.#> #> arguments: #> mgcv: #> fitfunc --> fitfunc#> formula.override --> formula.override#> family --> family#> method --> method#> optimizer --> optimizer#> control --> control#> scale --> scale#> gamma --> gamma#> knots --> knots#> sp --> sp#> min.sp --> min.sp#> paraPen --> paraPen#> chunk.size --> chunk.size#> rho --> rho#> AR.start --> AR.start#> H --> H#> G --> G#> offset --> offset#> subset --> subset#> start --> start#> etastart --> etastart#> mustart --> mustart#> drop.intercept --> drop.intercept#> drop.unused.levels --> drop.unused.levels#> cluster --> cluster#> nthreads --> nthreads#> gc.level --> gc.level#> use.chol --> use.chol#> samfrac --> samfrac#> coef --> coef#> discrete --> discrete#> select --> select#> fit --> fit#> #> fit modules:#> engine mode#> mgcv classification#> mgcv regression#> #> prediction modules:#> mode engine methods#> classification mgcv class, conf_int, pred_int, prob, raw#> regression mgcv conf_int, numeric, pred_int, raw#> additive(mode = "classification")#> Generalized Additive Model (GAM) Specification (classification)#> #> Computational engine: mgcv #> additive(mode = "regression")#> Generalized Additive Model (GAM) Specification (regression)#> #> Computational engine: mgcv #> set.seed(2020)dat <- gamSim(1, n = 400, dist = "normal", scale = 2)#> Gu & Wahba 4 term additive modeladditive_mod <- additive() |> set_engine("mgcv") |> fit( y ~ s(x0) + s(x1) + s(x2) + s(x3), data = dat )summary(additive_mod$fit)#> #> Family: gaussian #> Link function: identity #> #> Formula:#> y ~ s(x0) + s(x1) + s(x2) + s(x3)#> #> Parametric coefficients:#> Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) #> (Intercept) 7.89798 0.09692 81.49 <2e-16 ***#> ---#> Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1#> #> Approximate significance of smooth terms:#> edf Ref.df F p-value #> s(x0) 5.785 6.916 7.744 <2e-16 ***#> s(x1) 2.959 3.680 78.625 <2e-16 ***#> s(x2) 8.315 8.866 86.414 <2e-16 ***#> s(x3) 2.419 3.015 1.016 0.388 #> ---#> Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1#> #> R-sq.(adj) = 0.75 Deviance explained = 76.2%#> GCV = 3.9601 Scale est. = 3.7574 n = 400model <- additive(select = FALSE)model#> Generalized Additive Model (GAM) Specification (regression)#> #> Main Arguments:#> select = FALSE#> #> Computational engine: mgcv #> update(model, select = TRUE)#> Generalized Additive Model (GAM) Specification (regression)#> #> Main Arguments:#> select = TRUE#> #> Computational engine: mgcv #> update(model, select = TRUE, fresh = TRUE)#> Generalized Additive Model (GAM) Specification (regression)#> #> Main Arguments:#> select = TRUE#> #> Computational engine: mgcv #>